A Guide to Total Shoulder Replacement Surgery

Severe shoulder pain can make everyday activities, like reaching for something on a shelf or even just getting dressed, feel like monumental tasks. If you've tried non-surgical treatments like physical therapy and medication without relief, your doctor might suggest total shoulder replacement surgery. This procedure can be a highly effective way to relieve pain and restore function to a damaged shoulder joint.

Making the decision to undergo surgery is significant, and it's natural to have questions about what to expect. This guide will walk you through the entire process, from preparing for the operation to recovering and getting back to the activities you love. Understanding each step can help you feel more confident and prepared for your journey toward a pain-free shoulder.

What is Total Shoulder Replacement?

Total shoulder replacement, also known as total shoulder arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure designed to replace a damaged or diseased shoulder joint with artificial components. The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint. The "ball" is the top of your upper arm bone (humerus), and the "socket" is a part of your shoulder blade (scapula).

During the surgery, the damaged "ball" is replaced with a smooth, metal ball fixed to a stem that goes down into the humerus. The "socket" is then replaced with a durable plastic cup. These new components work together to create a new, functioning shoulder joint, allowing for smoother movement and significantly reducing pain.

This procedure is typically recommended for individuals suffering from conditions like:

Osteoarthritis: The most common reason for shoulder replacement, where the cartilage that cushions the bones wears away.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints.
Post-traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis that develops after a serious shoulder injury, such as a fracture or dislocation.
Rotator Cuff Tear Arthropathy: A complex condition that occurs when a massive, long-standing rotator cuff tear leads to arthritis.
Avascular Necrosis: The death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply, which can cause the shoulder joint to collapse.

An experienced orthopedic surgeon in Lake Mary, FL, can evaluate your specific condition to determine if total shoulder replacement is the right option for you.

The Surgical Journey: A Step-by-Step Overview

Understanding the process from start to finish can help demystify shoulder replacement surgery. Here’s a look at what you can expect before, during, and after the procedure.

Before the Surgery: Preparation is Key

Your journey begins weeks before the actual surgery date. Proper preparation is crucial for a successful outcome.

Medical Evaluation: Your orthopedic surgeon will conduct a thorough physical examination, including X-rays and possibly other imaging like an MRI or CT scan, to assess the condition of your shoulder. You will also undergo a general health evaluation with your primary care physician to ensure you are fit for surgery. This may include blood tests, an electrocardiogram (ECG), and a review of your medical history.
Medication Review: You'll need to discuss all medications and supplements you are currently taking with your doctor. Some medications, like blood thinners or anti-inflammatory drugs, may need to be stopped a week or two before surgery to reduce the risk of bleeding.
Home Planning: Prepare your home for your return. Since your arm will be in a sling and your mobility will be limited, it's wise to arrange your living space for easy navigation. Place frequently used items within easy reach, prepare single-serving meals, and arrange for help with daily tasks like cooking, cleaning, and shopping.
Pre-operative Instructions: Your surgical team will provide specific instructions to follow the day before and the morning of your surgery. This typically includes fasting (not eating or drinking anything) for a certain period before the procedure.

During the Surgery: The Procedure Itself

On the day of the surgery, you'll be admitted to the hospital or surgical center.

Anesthesia: An anesthesiologist will discuss your options, which usually include general anesthesia (you'll be asleep) or a regional nerve block (your arm will be numb) combined with sedation. Most patients receive a combination of both for optimal pain control during and after the surgery.
The Operation: The orthopedic surgeon will make an incision along the front of your shoulder. They will then carefully remove the damaged parts of the humerus and scapula. The new metal ball and plastic socket components are then implanted. The surgeon will test the new joint's range of motion before closing the incision with stitches or staples. The entire procedure typically takes about two hours.

After the Surgery: The Road to Recovery

Your recovery starts the moment you wake up from surgery. This phase is critical for regaining strength and mobility.

Hospital Stay: Most patients stay in the hospital for one to three days. During this time, your pain will be managed with medication, and you'll be monitored for any complications. Your arm will be in a sling to protect the new joint.
Physical Therapy: Physical therapy usually begins the day after surgery. A therapist will guide you through gentle exercises to start regaining movement in your shoulder and hand. These exercises are vital to prevent stiffness and promote healing.
At-Home Recovery: Once you are discharged, you will continue your recovery at home. You will need to wear the sling for several weeks, typically four to six, to protect the shoulder as it heals. You must continue your physical therapy exercises as prescribed by your surgeon and therapist. It's important not to rush the process and to avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities until you are cleared by your doctor.
Follow-Up Appointments: You will have several follow-up appointments with your orthopedic surgeon in Lake Mary, FL, to monitor your progress. X-rays will be taken to ensure the implant is in the correct position and healing properly.

Full recovery can take several months. While you may be able to resume many light daily activities within a few weeks, it can take six months to a year to regain maximum strength and function. Patience and consistent effort with your rehabilitation program are the keys to a successful outcome.

Take the Next Step Toward a Pain-Free Life

Living with chronic shoulder pain can be debilitating, but total shoulder replacement surgery offers a reliable path back to an active and comfortable life. By restoring smooth, pain-free motion to your shoulder, this procedure can help you return to the activities you enjoy.

If you are struggling with shoulder pain and believe you might be a candidate for this surgery, consulting with a specialist is the first step. If you're looking for an orthopedic surgeon in Lake Mary, FL, the team at Central Florida Bone & Joint Institute is here to help. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and learn more about your options for treatment.